Article · Volume 59, Issue 3s (Supplement) · pp. s874-s880

Preformulation Studies and Pseudo-Ternary Phase Diagram Development for Dolutegravir Sodium: A Foundational Step toward SMEDDS Design

Jayadev Hiremath¹, Nimbagal Raghavendra Naveen¹, Prakash Goudanavar¹, Girish Meravanige³, Santosh Fattepur⁴, Rashed M. Almuqbil⁵, Bandar Aldhubiab⁵, Sreeharsha Nagaraja⁵

¹Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagara, Karnataka, INDIA.
²Department of Pharmaceutics, BVVS Hanagal Shri Kumareshwar College of Pharmacy Bagalkote, Karnataka, INDIA .
³Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Al-Ahsa, SAUDI ARABIA .
⁴School of Pharmacy, Management and Science University, Seksyen 13, Shah Alam, Selangor, MALAYSIA.
⁵Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Al-Ahsa, SAUDI ARABIA.

Abstract

Background: Dolutegravir Sodium (DTG) is a poorly soluble antiretroviral drug that will find it difficult to achieve oral bioavailability. Preformulation and screening of excipients are mandatory as a stepping stone in formulation development.Objectives: To conduct comprehensive preformulation studies and build pseudo-ternary phase diagrams for DTG with a view to informing future development of a stable SMEDDS formulation.Materials and Methods: UV spectrophotometry was used to establish the maxima of absorption and to construct a standard calibration curve for DTG. Solubility studies were performed using various oils and surface-active agents. The efficiency of emulsification was used to screen the surfactants, while compatibility was established through the use of FTIR spectroscopy. Pseudo-ternary diagrams identified microemulsion regions with Capmul MCM C8 oil and Kolliphor EL/propylene glycol Smix.Results: Enhanced solubility of DTG has been observed in Capmul MCM C8. Kolliphor EL and propylene glycol were chosen to be the surfactant and co-surfactant, respectively, for their emulsification capacity and high transmittance (>94%). FTIR established no meaningful incompatibilities between DTG and chosen excipients. Of Smix ratios examined, 3:1 (Kolliphor EL:PG) showed the largest microemulsion area in pseudo-ternary phase diagrams.Conclusion: The study offers a clear preformulation platform for DTG, determining important excipients and a best-fit Smix ratio for microemulsion development. Ternary phase diagrams were constructed to confirm the choice of ingredients for a possible SMEDDS. Subsequent research will construct on this basis to develop and assess a DTG-loaded SMEDDS for enhanced oral bioavailability

Keywords: Dolutegravir sodium; Ternary Phase Diagram; SMEDDS; Lipid Based Systems

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