Mechanism of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Photo-Cytotoxicity and Photo-Apoptotic Effects of Ciproquin on L929 Cells

ABSTRACT

Background: Photo-unstable drugs cause undesirable clinical side effects by acting as photo-toxin in the skin and other tissue under the exposure of sunshine. Ciproquin is an antibiotic that is used to treat bacterial infections and is a member of the powerful fluoroquinolone medication class.Objectives: In this work, we evaluated photochemical characteristics of ciproquin as well as its photocytotoxicity, apoptotic, and oxidative potential on the mouse fibroblast cell line (L929) over a 24-hr period at ambient UVB (1.40 mW/cm2) intensity.Materials and Methods: Study conducted on mouse fibroblast cell line (L929), 24-hr exposure period, Ambient UVB radiation at 1.40 mW/cm2 intensity, Evaluation of photochemical characteristics, photocytotoxicity, apoptotic, and oxidative potential, Comparison with dark control cells.Results: Ciproquin generated Hydroxyl radical (•OH), superoxide anion radical (O2 •-), and singlet oxygen (1O2) in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, in comparison to dark control cells, ciproquin decreased reduced Glutathione (GSH) and increased Lipid Peroxide (LPO) levels in UV-B irritated L929 cells. Over a 24-hr period, L929 cells exposed to ambient UVB radiation intensity showed a significant (p<0.05) concentration-dependent impact of ciproquin. In L929 cells, it was found that caspase-3 activity and phosphatidylserine translocation were markedly (p<0.05) increased.Conclusion: The ability of ciproquin to act as both phototoxic and photo-apoptotic under UVB irradiation is thus supported by our findings.

KEYWORDS

• Ciproquin
• L929 Cells
• UVB Rays
• Photocytotoxicity

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• DOI10.5530/ijper.20262410Copy

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© 2026 Author(s)

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. CC BY 4.0

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